Hieronymus Bosch died in 's-Hertogenbosch in the summer of 1516, at about 65. No document gives the day or the cause. The one firm date is 9 August 1516, when a funeral mass was sung for him in Saint John's church.
He had been a sworn member of the town's Brotherhood of Our Lady for decades, and it was the Brotherhood's account book, not a doctor or a notary, that took note of his passing.
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Most summaries give 9 August 1516 as the day Bosch died. It is the day of his funeral mass. The Prado Museum in Madrid says so in plain words: "there is no record of the date of his death."
The cause is just as thin. Many accounts say an epidemic killed him. The Prado is more careful: that summer 's-Hertogenbosch had an epidemic with cholera-like symptoms, and Bosch "may have been among the victims." Other biographers write pleurisy, without naming a source. No account of his symptoms survives.
I don't think either guess deserves to be repeated as settled. What the town kept was a list of the dead, and a list says who, never why.
What You'll Discover
What the Brotherhood's book records.
How far the date can be trusted.
Which sickness gets the blame.
What his paintings say about his last years.
Where his body went.