What Is the Meaning Behind the Checkmate Painting?

The painting known as Checkmate is The Chess Players, a scene by the German artist Moritz Retzsch, first published as an etching in Leipzig in 1831. A devil in a green cloak plays chess against a young man for his soul, while an angel in white stands behind the table and watches.

Its fame comes from a legend, first printed in 1888, in which a great chess player, most often named as the American champion Paul Morphy, studies the board and finds a way to save the young man. No record places the picture in the Louvre, and the small oil version is in private hands.

A devil in a green cloak and a red-feathered cap plays chess against a young man who holds his head in his hand, while an angel in white watches from behind the table.
Moritz Retzsch, The Chess Players, oil on panel. Private collection.

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What is the meaning behind the Checkmate painting?

Close view of the chessboard, where the pieces are small winged and horned figures, with the young man's hand resting on the table.
Moritz Retzsch, The Chess Players (detail), etching, 1831.

Under a low stone vault, a young man leans over a chessboard, his forehead in his hand, sure the game is lost, while across the table the devil already holds one of his pieces…


What You'll Discover

  • What each small figure on the board stands for

  • Which smiling angel Retzsch painted for himself

  • How a London cartoonist sat two politicians at the board

  • Where a dinner in Virginia gave birth to the legend

  • Why nobody can replay the position with certainty

  • How an American preacher finished the game in 1870


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